Baby It's Cold Outside!

I've had quite a long hiatus on my blogging journey.  Sometimes without feedback, it's easy to feel like I am writing to myself, which I figure I talk to myself enough as it is, but that is a whole different subject.  But this past weekend it was brought up a few times that my friends are missing my quirky nature facts so I guess it's not such a bad thing to share my nature knowledge!
I noticed that I was talking about some water bugs last time.  After a fall of chilly water temperatures, rainy days and about a million local fourth graders my bug knowledge expanded even more.  The bugs I talked about last time were pretty common finds in our rivers this past fall.  The Wisconsin Extension has a great link to a book called Wonderful Wacky Water Critters.  It not only gives great drawings of the critters but life cycles and cool facts.  They used to have hard copies as well but I'm not sure if they still do.  I'll attach a link at the bottom to a pdf of this cool pamphlet.
But Kate, if you aren't going to talk about that, what are you going to talk about?  I'm going to spend my time today talking about what this has to do with us!
While it's really awesome to be able to dig in the muck and dirt and find these creepy crawly critters, their presence or sometimes more importantly their absence, means a lot to us in the Natural Resources field as well as those who take advantage of a water source!

This is a photo of "my" beautiful river.  When I take people, young and old, into our river to find these great macro-invertebrates there are three things that I stress.  

1.) A connection that only comes from exploration and immersion into the resource

2.) The bugs we find are more than just cool to look at.  They are a sign on what kind of water quality we have.  

3.) We control the quality of the river even if we live a long ways away!

Many of the bugs that we find in our river in just a short 16 minute time frame are a litmus of the health of our river over all, for if we had poor water quality, we would not see many of them here which would affect the entire food chain!

Holy, that's a lot to take in right? A bug can not only teach us of water quality but the food web too?  But we don't even like to touch them!  That's alright, let's break it down a little more.

After we find the bugs and put them all in a bucket we can use a formula, also given to us by the UW Extension (link below) to break them into groups.  

After they are broken into groups we plug them corresponding numbers into a fairly simple formula and voila! We have a water quality number.  Blah blah blah right?  Wait, this is where it gets interesting!

This may only be a number but it can be translated into what kind of water quality we have! 

 Now where I live we have great water quality so we have a ton of bugs that we find.  Keep in mind though, that like humans, different bugs prefer to live in different places.  Some like fast water with a lot of oxygen present while others like slow moving water with little to no oxygen.  (Our friends at the extension have taken this into account in their formula)

Critters like dragonflies, damselflies, caddisflies and most of all stoneflies are very intolerant of poor water quality and would not be able to survive if our water weren't clean.  SO what does that have to do with the people that don't live directly on our river? (Very few get to because it is a unit of your National Park System you know!)

I like to tell people that we all live upstream of someone and downstream of someone.  

If we take care of the rivers where we live, those living downstream from us will have the same beauty to see as we do.  Tributaries are small streams that flow into a larger stream.  These are all excellent opportunities for pollutants to enter our waters.  So even if we don't live right on the main water source, odds are we have an effect on it.  Good or bad.  

SO lets choose to do things that will help preserve and protect our waters.  We want our grandkids and great grandkids to enjoy what we get to enjoy today.  

That's my preachy-ness for today.

While I know it's chilly out, still try to find something to do and Take It Outside today!

UW Extension Website: http://www.uwex.edu/

PDF Wonderful Wacky Water Critters: http://clean-water.uwex.edu/pubs/pdf/wwwc.pdf

I missed the entire month of August?!?!?

Labor Day Weekend.  The end of summer, a very hot and rainy summer!  The months of July and August brought a lot of rain and a couple wind storms through northern Wisconsin.  Making the people in my field of work very busy! 
But now that things seem to have calmed down, we can start to focus on the outdoors again!  (Not that we haven't been all summer though right?!?!?)
This is the time of year where we start scheduling schools to come to the river to do what's called a Rivers Are Alive program.  This program is great for a number of reasons, but the one that I think is the coolest, is that we get people, young and old, into the water to explore what we may not see from the surface. 

When you look at the surface and the banks of the river, it's pretty easy to see where things could live or just spend time.  It's what's below the surface that always surprises people. 

Now the way we do this is highly scientific.  OK not really but it makes it really fun!

We have a number of aquarium nets and we take them into the water and start looking for bugs.  Now if you decide to do this on your own, remember a couple things:

1) If we thrash around and run into the water, all of the critters are going to swim away.  So if we walk slowly into the water, the bugs are more likely to stick around so we can find them.

2) If you decide to do this activity in a river, please remember that there is a current and if you only walk into the water up to your knees, you should be pretty safe.

3) Rocks that are in the water for a long period of time seem to accumulate algae and other slippery stuff, so when you're walking in the water, make sure of your footing before you put weight on it.

NOW, back to the cool stuff in the river!

The river provides everything critters need to survive.  In other words, it's a habitat.  Do we all know what everything needs to survive? 

Food

Water

Shelter

Air

and the one most people forget: Space (If all of Minnesota tried to live in the metro dome then we couldn't all survive)

SO the critters that live under the water's surface find all of these things right in the river!

If we go into the water slowly and safely, we can start to look for the bugs!

If you take your net and gently tap it on the bottom of the river, lake, pond or stream that you're in, it will get things moving and hopefully right into your net!  Once you pick up your net, you'll want to look in it for anything that looks like it's moving, if it looks like something is crawling around, you did it right! 

The picture above is a good example of a bug you may be able to find in some kinds of waters.  It's called a Giant Water Bug and is a really cool animal!  These  bugs are pretty big in size, some up to four inches in length.  They are a predator and will use their siphoning mouth parts to suck the insides out of what ever animal it catches.  They will prey on other water bugs, fish, and tadpoles.  Once the Giant Water Bug has finished eating it will leave behind the shell of the animal and start the search for another animal.  These guys are brown in color and can be found amongst the plants at the bottom of the pond.  When you handle these guys be sure to hold them from the backside so they don't mistake you for dinner!

Another very common bug is a small little creature that you might not notice moving around your net right away. 

If you look closely, he looks a lot like a little shrimp, in fact he's in the same family as shrimp are!  He's called a Scud or a Sidesewimmer.  I always tell kids that this is a good illustration of how scientists are sometimes not the most clever of people when it comes to naming things.  They call these animals side swimmers, because they swim on their sides!  They are pretty little, most under an inch in length, and are either a grey-ish or green in color.  They eat decaying plants and animals and are most active at night. 

We already talked about my favorite bug to find in the water, a dragonfly but he has some relatives that can look pretty similar to him.  The damselfly and the mayfly both have similar features as the dragonfly but also have differences that we can see if we look closely. 

Above is a mayfly.  As you can see this is a stage of it's life in which they live in the water, much like the dragonfly.  It has three tails which is one big difference between it and it's cousin, dragonflies will likely only have one.  Mayflies like to eat mostly small plants and is sometimes called the "cow" of the stream because it grazes on the bottom.  These guys are pretty neat too because they start out as eggs, hatch out into these little critters in the water and then when they emerge as adults they will only live for a couple days max.  In fact, as adults, they don't even have mouth parts to eat with.  They will simply emerge, fly away from the water source, mate, and then die.  Crazy right?!?!?!?

Above is the damselfly.  As an adult it is commonly mistaken for a dragonfly but we're going to focus on the "water bug form" today.  As you can see, in this stage of it's life they look a lot like the mayflies in that they have three tails and similar body shapes.  Can you spy any differences though?  The biggest one is the size of the bug.  Damselflies are much bigger than a mayfly.  Also the shape of their tails are different.  The mayfly tails are kind of like little threads that come out of the back of the animal where the Damselfly is like a ribbon. 

They both breath through gills on their body and the mayflies are really good at pushing the water past their gills, kind of like a fish does, to help it breath.    The damselflies ribbon-like tails are actually the gills that they breath through.  In the larval form, damselflies will eat any prey that it can catch.  They, much like the dragonflies, are very good hunters!  As adults they also like to eat flying insects like mosquitoes! YAY!

We've covered some really cool bugs that we can find in the water today.  Next time we'll continue talking about bugs and their roles in the water ecosystem. 

It is finally cooling down!  (I LOVE fall!)  Take a hike, go for a bike ride, weed the garden but whatever you decide to do, TAKE IT OUTSIDE TODAY!!

Giant Water Bug, Scud, Damselfly, Mayfly Photo: University of Wisconsin-Extension and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. http://clean-water.uwex.edu/pubs/clipart/critters.giant.htm

Check out this You Tube Clip about NEATure!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hm3JodBR-vs


River Coloring Page:
http://www.4to40.com/images/coloring_book/dwarf_wedgemussel.gif

http://www.supercoloring.com/wp-content/thumbnail/2008_12/a-river-in-the-forest-coloring-page.jpg

Damselfly Coloring Page:
http://images.hellokids.com/_uploads/_tiny_galerie/20090313/dragonfly-coloring-page-source_0qw.jpg
 

Singin' HOT HOT HOT!

Holy cow it's been hot outside lately!
It's never too hot to talk about our friend the dragonfly though! 

Even though it's late in the month of July, there's still a bunch of these guys flying around!  Speaking of flying around, these little critters are fabulous fliers!  They can fly forward, backward, and stay in one place (called hovering).  They are one of few insects that can do that! 

So when we drive through a town, usually we have to do 25 miles per hour right?  Well it's a good thing dragonflies don't have to follow the speed limit because they can fly up to 30 miles per hour. 

That's fast!

These guys just keep getting cooler!  In the last post I mentioned that they were like dinosaurs.  Well this critter is one of the few dinosaurs still living!  The scientists believe these fast fliers have been around since before the dinosaurs roamed our giant planet, lived through the dinosaur age, and are still around today!  There is one major change though, when they were hanging out with the dinosaurs, if you would have measured their wings from tip to tip it would have been three feet across!  Can you imagine an insect that big flying around?  It would look like a kite! Imagine how big the mosquitoes must have been! (not sure if they were alive back then but if they were, they must have been huge!)

Many people think when they see two dragonflies flying together they are mating but this isn't always true.  Just like when you put a key in a lock to get into your house the male has a key at the end of his abdomen and the female has a lock right behind her head.  The male will insert the key into the lock and if it doesn't fit, then he knows she isn't the right species.  If it does fit, then they're both the same species and they can proceed to mate. Which is a little more tricky and requires most species to land to perform. 

Notice the male still has his "key" in place and the female reaches her abdomen around to receive his sperm. 

SO, overall these critters are super cool and I hope you guys like them just as much as I do. 
Now I know it's a little warm out today but it's cooler than it has been so go ahead and take it outside today!!  Happy Friday Friends!

Dinosaur Coloring Page: http://stockphotos.s-fun.com/colouring-book-coloring-pages/dinosaur-coloring-pages/dinosaur-coloring-pages-01/

Dragonfly Coloring Page: http://101coloringpages.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/dragonfly-3.gif

Dragonfly Lock and Key Photo: http://s.ngm.com/2006/04/dragonfly-mating/img/mating-flying-615.jpg

Dragonfly Mating photo: http://www.cirrusimage.com/Dragon/Anax_junius_mating_wheel_1024_small.JPG

A break from those crazy loggers!

It's been a while since I've posted once again, sorry! 

I think I'm going to take a break from the logging chats and talk about something cool that has been taking place the last couple weeks.  As I was out along the St Croix River last weekend I happened to look up in several locations to see hundreds and hundreds of dragonflies flying around!  "Yeah, so what Katie," you might say, "what's so great about dragonflies?"  Well, I'm glad you asked! 

I love dragonflies for a multitude of reasons.  The number one reason however is the fact that they eat many hundreds of biting insects a day! 

Another reason these critters are so cool is their phenominal life cycle!  Dragonflies start their lives out much like most other aquatic insects, as an egg.  When you see a dragonfly flying above the water and occasionally tapping her abdomen into the water, she's actually laying her eggs.  Some species will actually insert their eggs into the stem of an aquatic plant!  (Some people say they've been bitten by a dragonfly but odds are it was just the female mistaking them for an aquatic plant.)

Anyway!  They start out as a mass of eggs, that look something like this:

These eggs can live in this stage for a range of times depending on when they were layed and what species they are.  Some will last only a few days as eggs where others will make it through the winter in this stage.  

Once they hatch out they become a water insect that's called a dragonfly nymph or larvae.  Again, with there being so many different species of dragonflies, there are a lot of different sizes and shapes of these water bugs.  Here's  a great picture of a dragonfly nymph:

As you can see these guys are pretty fierce looking, almost like a dinosaur.  It's pretty fitting too since they are like a living dinosaur!  We'll talk about that later though!

So when they're in their nymph stage dragonflies are pretty spectacular.  They are great predators and will eat just about anything they can catch.  In fact, in an ecosystem where dragonflies are present, when they're in the nymph stage they're pretty much the top of the food chain!  They'll eat other aquatic bugs, tadpoles,  and even small fish if they can catch them.  WOW!!

Now something else that's pretty cool about these guys is that some species can live in this nymph stage for up to eight years!  EIGHT YEARS!!  They're pretty easy to catch when they're nymphs as well.  We like to take an aquarium net down to the river and tap it along the bottom of the river along the shore.  Without fail we always come up with one of these guys.  Just like humans, different speices of dragonflies like to live in different places.  Some prefer fast flowing water, some prefer slow moving water, and some just prefer to live in a lake or pond setting where the water isn't really moving much at all. 

If you do find one of these guys in the water take a good look at them.  If you're able to clearly see where his wings are going to be then you've found one that's almost ready to emerge! 

In the spring when both the air temperature and the water temperature start to warm the dragonflies start to emerge in large numbers. 

What will happen is when the time is right the dragonfly nymph will crawl out of the water and with his legs hill hold onto something. (Their legs are sticky kind of like a grasshopper's)  And they'll hold on to a log, a rock, a stick, a piece of grass, pretty much anything!  They'll  hang out there and start gulping in water. Gulp gulp gulp!  Until their back SPLITS right open, and then they'll pull themselves right out of the bug!!  A good way to think about it is like a caterpillar and it's cacoon. 

Crazy right!?!?!?

SO!  Remember how I said when they live in the water they're near the top of the food chain?  Well things change quickly once the emerge from the water!  If you've ever been swimming too long you know that your skin gets kinda pruny and wrinkley right?  Well imagine these guys that have lived in the water for a few  years!  Their bodies are soft and they need to hang out and let their bodies, legs, and wings dry out before they can fly away to safety.  So in this time, they're really vulnerable.  They have to hope that nothing comes along that would want to eat them like a fish, a bird, a spider, and most definately, frogs!

So if they survive the drying out process, they're able to fly away and finish maturing away from the water source before they return! 

It is TOO nice of a day to stay inside and talk about dragonflies, so I'm going to go outside and enjoy this beautiful weather and maybe say thank you to some dragonflies for eating those pesky mosquitoes!

  I hope you are all doing well and remember to TAKE IT OUTSIDE TODAY!!

Photos are all NPS photos.

And we're still not done!

Uff Da I say!!  So busy, so much going on!

So we left off talking about the logs.  They've been cut down, limbs cut off, cut into more manageable size and moved out to the road.  But, believe it or not, we're still not done!  The logs have to get from the road to the river where they'll hang out until spring.

The men in charge of getting the logs onto the sleigh were called send up men.  They used chains to hook up to the logs and then to the harnesses on the horses, who were waiting on the other side of the sleigh.  There were ramps that would be placed along side the sleigh and once everything was hooked up the men would lead the horses forward pulling the log up the ramps and onto the sleigh.  

NOW we're done right??

Nope!  The logs couldn't all stay helter skelter on the sleigh so a Top Loader was needed.  

The top loader would use a cant hook like many of the other logging men, and he would position the logs so they could fit as many as possible on the sleigh so they wouldn't have to make as many trips to the river.  

Once the logs were brought to the river they were left on the banks until spring when the ice went out on the river and the logs could be sent down to the mill.  

Now there were many logging companies using the St. Croix and Namekagon Rivers as log highways.  It was important for each camp to know whose logs were whose so they could take a hammer like tool and hit the ends of the logs and it would leave an imprint of the logging company's symbol at the end.  This way when the logs got to the mill they could tell which log belonged to who.  It was kind of like when people out west brand their cows to tell who owns it.  

So at this point the logs hang out on the bank until the warmth of spring comes.  It's journey is far from over however.  It still have people that help move it down river once spring finally does come!

Once the weather started to warm up the majority of the men would return home to their families after a long winter's worth of very hard, very dangerous work.  There were some men however, whose jobs were just beginning.  

Once the ice went out on the river the piles of logs were all released into the river to float downstream to the mill which on the St. Croix was located in Stillwater, Minnesota.  There were other mills on the St Croix but this was the largest and the one that lasted the longest.

We'll finish up our logging talk next time, but for now, it's FINALLY WARM!!  So in light of Mother's Day, Take it outside today, and bring your mom with you!

Sawyers, Swampers, and Skidders, oh my!

Sorry again for the delay!  This time of year brings much maple syrup-ing in Northern Wisconsin!  20 pints and the sap is still flowing!




So I'd like to continue talking about the demanding and dangerous jobs of the loggers.  Last time I talked about all of the preparation that went into even getting the loggers out into the woods and today I'd like to talk about the men who did the actual work of cutting these giants down!
First and possibly most important was the walking boss.  He was the foreman's right hand man and was in charge of venturing out to find where the crew was going to cut then next stand of trees.
He was also in charge out in the woods so you wanted to make sure to stay on his good side.  The laws back then were much different than they are now.  If the walking boss didn't like the way you looked do you think he could fire you?  If you were from a country the walking boss didn't like could he fire you?  If you took too long to eat lunch could he fire you?  If you hurt yourself and couldn't work for a day or if you slowed down for a day could he fire you?
      The answer to all of these questions is yes.  Both the foreman and walking boss could fire anyone for any reason at any time.  This insured the men worked hard!

 After the walking boss decides where the crew is going to cut the trees the men go to work.  Now if you can imagine gathering five of your friends (4 if you're over 10 years old) and holding hands in a circle and stretching out as far as your arms would let you go.  This is as big around as the white pine trees were when they started cutting!


So the men in charge of actually cutting down the trees were called sawyers.  They had the job  that most of us think of when we think of logging.  They were only one part of the giant operation though!  They had the task of cutting down these enormous trees.  The thing I think is most amazing is that they did it without the modern tools we have today.  They used what is called a two man crosscut saw which means that each sawyer had a partner and they would move together throughout the forest to cut down the trees.


  

This saw depended on teamwork heavily.  Each sawyer would only PULL on the saw when it was his turn.  Pushing the saw to "help" out the other man would cause hiccups in the sawing and slow down the process, and with the walking boss watching at all times, that was the last thing you wanted to do!  Each end of the saw had a large wooden handle for the sawyer to hang on to.  They had to work together and even though there were two of them, it was hard work and very dangerous.  If a tree didn't fall where it was expected it could fall on someone, or themselves.  If they didn't cut on the same level on both sides the tree could jump as it was falling and easily kill someone.  It was not only hard work but dangerous too!  They were aware of the dangers and would yell out "TTIIIIMMMMBBBBEEEERRRRRRRR!"  when the tree was about to fall, telling those around them to be aware of their position in relation to the falling tree.  How about we all practice being a sawyer and say timber together....did you do it??


So the tree is on the ground, it's ready to be send to the mill right?  Wrong.  These trees were huge and moving them while they still had limbs was near impossible, so they were taken off by a group of men called the swampers.  They would go behind after the sawyers had cut the tree down and remove the limbs with a double bitted felling axe.

Now looking at their tool you can immediately see what danger they had to deal with.  Walking through the thick underbrush with a VERY sharp axe, cutting the limbs and branches off of giant trees; this surely led to missing toes and cut up legs!  Don't miss work though, the boss would have had you replaced in short time!
Not only did they have to remove the limbs from the trees but they were in charge of cutting a trail to the trees   for the sawyers and cutting the logs into 8-12 foot sections.  This made them more manageable for the men and horses to move.
After the logs are down and de-limbed they needed to be brought out to the road where the sleigh would come along to pick them up and bring them to the river.  This job was left up to the skidders.  These men were in charge of hooking a chain up to the log, attaching it to a harness on oxen in the early days and then horses in the later days, and leading the log out to the road.  Their tool was a large and heavy one called a cant hook.

The cant hook and peavy were very similar tools but the peavy has a point whereas the cant hook is dull at the end...


Being a part of the lumberjack community sounds fun on the outside but it was hard and dangerous work!  There was even more going on but we'll talk about that next time!

It's finally warm out and looking like it'll get warmer!  My lilies and iris are starting to poke through the soil looking for the warm sun.  I figure if they're hanging out in the sun we should all be too, so take it outside today!

The Minnesota Historical Society has great information and photos of logging in Minnesota.  Here's their link:
http://www.mnhs.org/places/sites/fhc/logging.html




Here's some great spring coloring pages:
http://www.leehansen.com/coloring/Seasons/images/spring-poster-clr.gif
http://www.sherriallen.com/coloring/images/spring1.gif
http://www.myactivitymaker.com/ColoringBook/Spring.jpg










Crosscut saw photo:
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/fspubs/04232822/fig01.jpg
Axe photo:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Double_bitted_felling_axe.jpg
Cant hook photo:
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/fspubs/05232810/fig112.gif
Spring photo:
http://images.paraorkut.com/img/pics/images/i/its_spring-12372.gif

They had to use what to cut down trees?!?!?

So in the last post I talked about why the loggers did their jobs in the winter and which trees they preferred but didn't discuss HOW they went about getting those giants down and to the river...
There were many different jobs to be had in the logging camp but it was essential that all of those jobs worked together for the larger goal. 
Around the turn of the century, like most careers at the time, a logging career started for most at a very young age.  Some of the workers were as young as 9-10 years old.  They started at the bottom as Bull Cooks.  These hard working kids had a tough job.  They were expected to get up before the rest of camp, along with the cook, and make the gigantic breakfasts the rest of camp needed to get through their day.  Now keep in mind that the rest of camp usually woke up around 4:00 - 4:30.  The Bull Cooks were in the kitchen with the cook and had to do the grunt work like peeling potatoes.  (think of how many potatoes a group of 30-40 loggers could eat in a day!!)

Then after breakfast was ready, the bull cooks would have the task of waking the rest of camp up.  They would have to yell "daylight in the swamp!!"  It was like the loggers version of an alarm clock.  Why don't we all see if we could be bull cooks by yelling "daylight in the swamp!" 

I'll wait...

Did you do it? 

Good!

So after these kids made breakfast, and woke up the rest of camp, they had to make sure all of the food was stocked on the table so the loggers could eat quickly and get out to work.  After breakfast was done, the Bull Cooks would clean the dishes and start making lunch.  This meal was a little more tricky because most of the time the loggers were far enough away from camp that they wouldn't come in for lunch which means the Bull Cooks would have to bring it out to them.  In the cold, and snow, without spilling the food.  And don't forget they were as young as 9 years old!

So after they brought lunch out to the loggers, they would have to come back in, clean the dishes and start dinner.  After dinner, they would clean the dishes, and get what little sleep they could before the next morning and they would start all over again!  So these youngsters were up before the loggers, all the while the loggers were awake, and AFTER the loggers had gone to bed!  Those are long days!

Oh and I forgot to mention that they only got paid around 25 cents a day. 

Wow!

Another entry level job in the logging camp was the position of Road Monkey.  While these weren't 9-10 year olds, they were still young; around 14 most of the time.  Their job was hard, and dangerous.  They were to go out during the night and make sure the roads were iced up well enough for the sleigh to slide on top of them.  Doesn't sound that tough or dangerous right? 

Well keep in mind that it was often -40 or colder at night,  

They had a giant wooden tank of water that they would have to let run into the grooves of the road, staying dry was likely not an option,

There were predators out in the woods at night, surely the horses could have been spooked, and

The majority of logs in this area were sent down a river to the mill, and we all know where there's a large river there's bound to be a hill with snow and ice!

All of this, and they were 14!

There were many more jobs in the logging camp but they'll have to wait until next time!

I know it's muddy but it's finally nice outside so remember to Take It Outside Today!

Great account of logging life here:
http://www.cameraontheroad.com/family/my-first-job-working-logging-camps-in-wisconsin/


Log Cabin Coloring Page:  http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://coloring.thecolor.com/color/images/Lincolns-Log-Cabin.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.thecolor.com/Category/Coloring/President%27s%2520Day.aspx&usg=__oxlFoyJEr9j0XN1bjrZUpR98KQk=&h=565&w=552&sz=9&hl=en&start=32&zoom=1&tbnid=IV8qkscDI7judM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=122&ei=f8CHTY6_GIiErQHJpuSzBg&prev=/images%3Fq%3DLogging%2Bcoloring%2Bpage%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1C1PRFA_enUS422%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D709%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C1000&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=566&vpy=131&dur=330&hovh=141&hovw=138&tx=49&ty=117&oei=bsCHTbeXK8mHrgHXivm0Bg&page=2&ndsp=34&ved=1t:429,r:29,s:32&biw=1280&bih=709
Silly Logging Coloring Page: http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.supercoloring.com/wp-content/main/2010_04/sawing-log-coloring-page.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.supercoloring.com/pages/sawing-log/&usg=__QaEjsjz6OvX9EEPxHxOJ5MRKPuc=&h=350&w=458&sz=51&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=nCydJHUDxeCw6M:&tbnh=132&tbnw=173&ei=bsCHTbeXK8mHrgHXivm0Bg&prev=/images%3Fq%3DLogging%2Bcoloring%2Bpage%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1C1PRFA_enUS422%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D709%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=394&vpy=91&dur=2370&hovh=196&hovw=257&tx=109&ty=117&oei=bsCHTbeXK8mHrgHXivm0Bg&page=1&ndsp=32&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0








Swamp Photo: http://joeroads.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/daylight-in-the-swamp.jpg
Quarter photo: http://www.brunswick.k12.me.us/lon/lonlinks/grade1/money/images/us-quarter.gif
Camp photo: http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/Buffalo/images/pf010264.jpg